Passenger Liner Wrecks in Ireland

Few wrecks carry the emotional weight of the Rohilla. This Harland & Wolff-built liner had been requisitioned as a hospital ship just weeks into the First World War and was steaming south from Scotland to collect wounded soldiers from France when a northeast gale drove her onto Whitby Rock in the early hours of 30 October 1914. With shore lights blacked out for wartime, her crew never saw the reef. What followed was a three-day rescue drama that gripped the nation — lifeboats launching repeatedly into mountainous seas, spectators lining the cliffs, and 83 lives lost despite extraordinary courage from the rescuers. Most of the dead were doctors and nurses. Today the wreck lies flattened in shallow water off Saltwick Bay, accessible as a shore dive when conditions allow. The site is a war grave. At low spring tides, structural remains break the surface — a stark reminder visible to anyone walking the coastal path above.

Her iron hull made the compasses lie. The RMS Tayleur, the largest iron clipper of her kind when built in 1853, departed Liverpool for Melbourne on her maiden voyage with over 650 souls aboard. Within 48 hours, fog and storm engulfed the ship. The crew believed they were sailing south through the Irish Sea -- they were actually heading west, straight for Lambay Island. An undersized rudder and improperly stretched rigging sealed her fate. She struck the rocks on 21 January 1854, killing over 370 people. The wreck at 9-17 metres in Tayleur Bay includes hull plates, a donkey engine, the lower mast, crockery, roof tiles, and even tombstones from the cargo. PROTECTED WRECK -- it is illegal to dive without prior permission from the Office of Public Works.

She struck Howth Head once. Backed off. Then struck again beneath the Baily Lighthouse and sank in fifteen minutes. On the night of 14 February 1853, the paddle steamer PS Queen Victoria -- built in 1838 for the City of Dublin Steam Packet Company's Dublin-Liverpool mail route -- departed Liverpool with approximately 100 passengers into a snowstorm. Around 02:00 on the 15th she hit the headland. Captain Jones tried to make harbour, but the damage was catastrophic. Dead in the water and filling fast, the ship drifted and struck a second time. Around 83 people perished including the captain. One lifeboat, carrying 17 survivors, reached shore. The Board of Trade blamed the captain, first officer, and lighthouse crew. The wreck lies at approximately 18-20 metres south of the Baily Lighthouse. Permit required to dive.

When she launched in 1901, the RMS Celtic was the biggest ship in the world -- the first vessel in history to exceed 20,000 gross tons, surpassing even the legendary SS Great Eastern. Built by Harland and Wolff in Belfast for the White Star Line as the first of their Big Four quartet, she measured over 700 feet and 20,904 GRT. Her end came ignominiously on 10 December 1928, blown onto rocks at Roches Point while waiting for a harbour pilot at Cobh. Stuck on Cow-and-Calf Rock, wave action caused such structural damage that she was declared a total loss within a week. Sold to Danish firm Petersen and Albeck, she was broken up in situ by 1933. Tragedy struck again in November 1929 when hydrogen sulphide gas from rotting cargo killed four salvage workers. Artifacts found their way into Cork homes. The sparse remaining wreckage at 10-20 metres requires local knowledge to locate.

Dense fog and the towering cliffs of the Old Head of Kinsale proved a fatal combination. On 22 June 1892, the Inman Line passenger liner SS City of Chicago -- 132 metres long and approximately 5,200 GRT, built by Charles Connell & Co. in Glasgow -- ran aground at Ringagurteen Point while on passage from New York to Queenstown and Liverpool. All passengers were rescued safely with their baggage, but twelve crew drowned when a rescue boat was swamped. For three days the ship held together against relentless Atlantic pounding before listing and breaking apart. The wreck now lies at approximately 20 metres at the foot of the dramatic Old Head cliffs, offering an accessible and scenic dive near one of Ireland's most famous headlands -- and not far from the resting place of the Lusitania.

The most intensively dived wreck on Cornwall's notorious Manacles reef, the Mohegan's story remains one of British maritime history's enduring puzzles. She was barely six months old when she ploughed onto Vase Rock in October 1898, killing 106 passengers and crew on what should have been a routine Atlantic crossing. No one has ever convincingly explained why the ship was so far off course. Today her boilers rise from 22 metres as the centrepiece of a richly colonised underwater landscape, while the skeletal hull frames create a striking grid that draws photographers from across the UK. The site splits naturally into two dives — the boiler section and the bow area — and the surrounding reef teems with life that makes any bottom time spent waiting for slack water utterly worthwhile.

Over 564 dead -- the greatest single loss of life in the Irish Sea, and one of the most devastating maritime disasters of World War I. On 10 October 1918, UB-123 fired three torpedoes at the RMS Leinster near the Kish Bank. The first missed. The second struck the port side. As Captain Birch tried to turn back toward Kingstown, the third torpedo cut the ship almost in half. Twenty-one of 22 postal sorters aboard perished. The City of Dublin Steam Packet Company mail steamer, built in 1896 at Birkenhead, now lies at 28 metres approximately 4 nautical miles east of the Kish Light. The bow stands proud of the seabed; the rest is largely collapsed into sand. The anchor, recovered in 1991, is displayed at Carlisle Pier, Dun Laoghaire. Strong currents and poor visibility make this an advanced dive. War grave.

No wreck off the English coast has welcomed more divers than the Kyarra. Built on the Clyde in 1903 as a luxury liner for the Australian run, she carried 286 passengers in considerable comfort before the Great War requisitioned her as a hospital ship tasked with evacuating wounded troops. On 26 May 1918, heading for Plymouth to collect a thousand injured Australians, a torpedo from UB-57 struck amidships and sent her to the bottom a mile off Anvil Point. Six men died. Discovered in the late 1960s and now owned by Kingston and Elmbridge BSAC, she lies between 18 and 30 metres in waters that regularly deliver good Dorset visibility. Thousands of divers visit each year, yet her 127-metre hull absorbs the traffic easily. The boilers, engine room and stern section are highlights, and the marine life — from nudibranchs to cuttlefish — is outstanding for a Channel wreck.

The largest wreck on the entire Sussex coast, the RMS Alaunia was a Cunard Line ocean liner of over 13,000 tons — a ship built for the transatlantic run that could carry more than 2,000 passengers in an age when crossing by sea was the only option. In 1914 she made history as the first Cunard vessel to transport Canadian troops to the war in Europe. Two years later, outbound from London to New York on 19 October 1916, she struck a mine off the Royal Sovereign Lightship and went down with the loss of two crew. She now lies on her port side in around 36 metres off Eastbourne, her 159-metre hull standing 10 metres proud of the seabed in places. The bow cants at a dramatic 45-degree angle with the port anchor still hanging in its hawsehole, and rows of portholes remain in situ along the hull plating. It is a dive of genuine scale — a cathedral of riveted steel in the grey-green Channel water.

Eighteen minutes. That's all it took for the Lusitania to disappear beneath the Celtic Sea on 7 May 1915, taking 1,198 souls with her. A single torpedo from U-20, fired eleven miles south of the Old Head of Kinsale, struck the starboard side -- followed by a mysterious second explosion whose cause is still debated. The sinking turned American opinion against Germany and altered the course of World War I. Today the wreck lies on her starboard side at approximately 93 metres, heavily collapsed and continuing to degrade from corrosion and tidal currents. Diving the Lusitania demands advanced trimix certification, deep wreck experience, and permission from Irish authorities. Visibility typically runs 5-8 metres in moderate to strong currents. This is a protected site under Irish law, and the Irish Examiner reported in 2024 that efforts are underway to document and recover artefacts before further collapse.

A 17,000-ton ocean liner sitting upright on the seabed at 130 metres, largely intact, in water described as having awesome visibility. HMS Transylvania is among the deepest diveable wrecks in the region -- extreme technical expedition territory, accessible only to expert trimix or CCR divers. Built in 1925 by Fairfield Shipbuilding in Glasgow for the Anchor Line, she was requisitioned in August 1939 and converted to armed merchant cruiser F56, serving on the Northern Patrol. On 10 August 1940, U-56 torpedoed her approximately 40 nautical miles northwest of Malin Head. Taken in tow, she later foundered. Approximately 300 officers and ratings were rescued by nearby trawlers. The wreck requires a 3-4 hour boat transit from the Donegal coast.